Invisible Weapons : Liturgy and the Making of Crusade Ideology by M. Cecilia Gaposchkin
Requirements: PDF Reader, 13.0 MB
Overview: In 1098, three years into the First Crusade and after a brutal eight-month siege, the Franks captured the city of Antioch. Two days later, Muslim forces arrived with a relief army, and the victors became the besieged. Exhausted and ravaged by illness and hunger, the Franks were exhorted by their religious leaders to supplicate God, and for three days they performed a series of liturgical exercises, beseeching God through ritual prayer to forgive their sins and grant them victory. The following day, the Christian army, accompanied by bishops and priests reciting psalms and hymns, marched out of the city to face the Muslim forces and won a resounding and improbable victory.
Genre: Humanities > Religious Studies > Christianity
Download Instructions:
http://ceesty.com/wCUKK2
http://ceesty.com/wCUKK7
