The Third Option: Covert Action and American Foreign Policy by Loch K. Johnson
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Overview: Loch Johnson’s new book explores the subject of covert action, often referred to as a “Third Option” between America’s use of diplomacy and warfare–-a shadowy approach to international affairs based on the controversial use of secret propaganda, political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations (whether clandestine warfare or assassinations).
The three major instruments that guide United States foreign policy are the Treaty Power, the War Power, and the Spy Power. Within the category of Spy Power is the “Third Option” the use of covert action. Ever since the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947, the US has often turned to the third option in the conduct of its international relations. This controversial approach includes covert propaganda campaigns, subversive political activities, economic sabotage, and paramilitary operations ranging from clandestine warfare to the assassination of foreign leaders. From the beginning of the Cold War to the present day, America’s intelligence and national security agencies have employed all of these “third option” tools in order to advance America’s global interests.
Genre: Non-Fiction > Educational
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