From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age by Paul Reiter
Requirements: ePub or Mobi viewer, 1.1 MB
Overview: Present global temperatures are in a warming phase that began 200 to 300 years
ago. Some climate models suggest that human activities may have exacerbated this
phase by raising the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases. Discussions of the potential effects of the weather include predictions that
malaria will emerge from the tropics and become established in Europe and North
America. The complex ecology and transmission dynamics of the disease, as well as
accounts of its early history, refute such predictions. Until the second half of the 20th
century, malaria was endemic and widespread in many temperate regions, with major
epidemics as far north as the Arctic Circle. From 1564 to the 1730s—the coldest period
of the Little Ice Age—malaria was an important cause of illness and death in several
parts of England. Transmission began to decline only in the 19th century, when the
present warming trend was well under way. The history of the disease in England
underscores the role of factors other than temperature in malaria transmission.
Genre: Scientific essay
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